Internal-combustion engine.



W. M. APPLETON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' APPLICATION TILED APB.15,1911. mnmzo.

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WITNESSES Patnted Oct. 3, 1911.

W. M. APPLETON. INTERNAL COMBUBTIQN ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APB..15,1911.

1,004,720, Patented 0ct.3,1911.

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WITNESSES INVENTOR 6 WM/l lawn. flea/W fiw g W. M. APPLETON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.15, 1911.

1,004,720., Patented Oct. 3, 1911 mains-S11E31 a. H

//V VENTOR WILLIAM MORTEN APPLETON, F WESTON-SUPERFMABE, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 3, 1911.

Application filed April 15, 1911. Serial No. elaiaea' To all whom it mayconcern- Be it known that I, VVILLIAM MORTEN "APPLETON, a subject of.theKing of Great 'Britain and Ireland, residing at Tyn-y Coed, Hill Road,Weston-super-Mare, in the county of Somerset, .England, have invented"certain new and useful lmprovements in 'I ternal -Qombustion.Engines,of which the fdllowingjs aspecification, reference being fhaditherein totheaccompanying drawing. ThisQihfention relates to internal .com-'bustion engines of the two-cycle type inf which a pump or displacer isemployed and? arranged tandem fashion with respect to the powercylinder, and it has for its object in creasing the efliciency of thistype of engine,, simplifying the construction and thereby; .reducin thecost of production. 7 I attain thisen by employing in each engine three;pairs of cylindersfor multiples thereof, one Of: eachpair being adisplacer cylinder and;

p the other a power cylinder, said cylinders; being of differentdiameters and arranged; tandem fashion and by an arrangement ofj inlet,exhaust, and interconnecting ports; hereinafter particularly specifiedwhereby;

the pistons of the power cylinders only operateexclusively asdistributing valves. E -In. the, accompanying drawings which;jillustrateerby way .of example-an' engine; constructed accordingto'thls invention in which the scavenging (of the;power cylinders iseifected by air which .is taken intothe dis 'lacer cylinder after thegaseous mixture fan is discharged therefrom in advance of; said mixture,and in which the crank-shaft? rotates clockwise :Figure I is a view in:s ideelevation, partly in section, Fig. 2 is a view insideelevationpartly in section through one of the. cylinders, Fig. 3 is adiagrammatio view showing the three passagesconnecting the various portsof the three cylinders, Fig.4 is a view in sectional plan. online A, AFig; 2, Figs. 5 -6 and 7 are: diagrammatic. views illustrating the cycleofoperations. r I

Throughout the yiews similar parts are .marked with like letters ofreference. The three compound, cylinders a and a,l and b and c and 'pfare arranged side by side in close proximity to oneanother and. ,thecompound pistons a and' at, and band b and 0 and 0 are: coupled by'suitable conn' ecting rods (L to the crank-pins d, d and 55 (Z Of athree-throw crankshaft at, said cranks being setat an angle'of:120 toone another. The smaller cylinders a, 6 and c are the power cylindersand the larger ones a, b and e the displacer cylinders. lt is immaterialinwhat relation to. one'another with respect-to the crank-shaft thetwocylinders of each pair are, arranged, but-the preferred constructionis that shown in which the power cylinders are located above thedisplacer .cylinder. I

. In each of the power cylinders a, b "and 0 is an admission orinletport e, an exhaust port 7'', .an air port. g, and two by-ports hand is, one of which h.hereinafter called the gas by-portis for thepassage of the gaseous mixture from the inlet port eof one cylinder tothe displacer cylinder of one of the other pairs of cylinders, and theother by-port 7c.hereinafter called the by-pass port is for the passageof the scavenging air and the gaseous mixture from the displacercylinder of oneof the other pairs of cylinders co-the power cylinder. Ineach of the displacer cylinders a 6 and c is a port l-hereinafter calledthe distribution port. The admission or inlet ports 6 for the threepower cylinders can conveniently open into a common chamber m WlllGll 1scoupled lnanyjsuitable manner vto the carbureter or other device ezgployed to produce the-gaseous mixture. The exhaust ports f of the threepower cylinders may be coupled or inter-connected in any suitablemanner.

- The gas by-port h in each power cylinder is .so. located with respectto the admission or inlet port 6 that it is put into communicat tionwith said port by a passage n hereinafter called the gasadmission.passage.' in the piston of said cylinder, when said piston hasreached a predetermined position in its outward stroke which isapproximately when the crank has moved through an angle of about 125..tothe atmosphere-is put into communication with theby-pass port-7c by arecess p inthe .power piston-hereinafter called. the air inletpassagewhen said piston has reached a certain position in its inward orreturn stroke, which is approximately when the crank has moved throughanangle of about 220 on said stroke.

I The distribution port Z in each displacer cylinder is always open tosaid cylinder and not controlled by the piston of said cylinder. a j,The gas by-port h of the'power cylinder The air port 9 which is open" ofone-pair thehy-pa'ss port kofthe power cylinder of another'pair, and thedistribution port. Z. of the displacer cylinder of the third pair are.all coupled together by a common passagehereinafter called thedistribution passage-and said passages r 7' and 1' coupling the saidrespective ports of the three pairs of cylinders, are preferablycontained within a single casing r adapted to befixed over the ports ofall the cylinders.

The cycle of operations can best be followed by reference to Figs. 5, 6and 7 which show diagrammatically the positions of the various parts ofthe three pairs of cylinders during nearly a complete cycle of thecylinders a a. In these views only one set of connections is shownbetween the by-pass stroke. The by-pass port k of the power cylinder athas just closed, the exhaust rt' f; of said cylinder is nearly closed,"and e in-i let port 6 has just been put out of communication with thegas by-port 72,, thereby cut ting off the supply of gaseous mixture. tothe displacer cylinder 0 The compound piston 12 b of the compoundcylinders'b 72. is at the top of its stroke and the charge in the powercylinder 6 is 'aboutto be fired. The

airinlet passage p in .the power piston 12? has put the by-pass port islnto communication with the air port g, thus allowing air alone to besucked into the displacer cylinder 0. The compound piston c c of thecompound cylinders c c is on its outward stroke, the exhaust port fbeing partly uncovered and the inlet port 6 about to beputintocommunication with the gas by-port h by the gas admission passage 11. toallow a charge. of gaseous mixture to pass into the displacer cylinder b-through the distribution port Z.

' In Fig. 6 the compound piston a a of the cylinders a a is at the endozf its inward or compression stroke and the. air inlet passage p in thepower piston a has put the bypass port k into communication with the airport g, thus allowing air aloneto be sucked into the displacer cylinder6 The compound piston 72 I). is on its outward stroke, the power.pistonl?) having commenced to open the exhaust port f, and the gasadmission passage vi -in said piston being about to put the inlet'port 6into communication with the gas by-port 72. to put the displacercylinder (9- through the distribiition port Z into communication withthe gas supply. The compound piston 0 c of the cylinders c c has juststarted on its inward or compression stroke. The power piston chasnearly closed the exhaust port admitting the. air and the gaseousmixture mouse and the gas admission passage n in said piston has justcut oil communication between the inlet porte. and thegas by-port h,thereby cutting off the su ply of gaseous mixture to the displacer cy'nder b In Fig. 7 the compound. piston a? a of the cylinders a a is atthe end of its outward stroke, both the exhaust ,port 7 and the gasby-port Ir: are fully open, the latter from the displacer cylinder 12through the distribution port Z to the power cylinder a. The inlet portis infull communication with the by-pass port It through the gas advmission passage 1, thus allowing the displacer cylinder 0 to take itscharge of gaseous mixture through its port Z. The compound piston 6 b"of the cylinders b b is approachingthe end of its inward or compressionstroke and the displacer cylinder 12 is discharging its contents intothe power cylinder a through the gas by-port la. The

compound piston c c of the cylinders c c is onits outward stroke, thepiston c of the displacer cylinder 0 is drawing in a chargeof gaseousmixturethrough the distribution port I in' said cylinder and through thebypass port It, the gas admission passage n and the inlet port 6 in thec linder a.

It will be understoo that in action the displacer cylinder of each pairof the three cyllnders draws its gaseous mixture through the piston ofthe power cylinder of one of the other pair, its air-when air scavengingis employed'through the piston of the 109 power cylinder of the thirdpair, and delivers both the air and the gaseous mixture, or the gaseousmixture alone, as the case may be, into the power cylinder of the thirdpair.

In an engine designed to have its working 1 5 cylinders scavenged by theincoming charge of gaseous mixture and not-by air, the power cylinderswill not be provided with the air ports g, neither will the powerpistons have the air inlet passages p, but the lnlet ports e 110 and thegas by-ports it will be arranged so that the displacer cylinders will beable to draw in a full charge of gaseous mixture throughsaid ports.

It will be obviousthat the power and displacer cylinders of each pairmay be disposed in other positions relative to oneanother than thathereinbeforedescrib'ed andillustrated. in the accompanying drawingwithout departing from the spirit and scope of this invention j.

What I claimas my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent v 1.In an internal combustion'engine ofthe two-cycle type, the combinationof three der, a gas by-port 1n each power cylinder, a. 139

inder of one in a single casting.

passage in each power piston adapted to put the inlet and gas by-portinto communication during a predetermined part of the stroke of saidpiston, a bypass port in each power cylinder for admitting the gas fromthe displacer cylinder, an exhaust port in each power cylinder, adistribution port in each displacer cylinder, anddistribution passageseach connecting the gas by-port of the power cylinder of one pair,- thebypass port of the power cylinder of another pair, and the distributionport of the displacer cylinders, the arrangement of said ports andpassages being such that in action the displacer cylinder of each pairdraws its as through the piston of the power cylof the other pairs" anddelivers it into the power cylinder of the third pair; 2. In an internalcombustion engine of the two-cycle type, the combination of three pairsof cylinderseach pair being arranged tandem fashion and one of each pairbeing a power cylinder and the other a displacer cylinder-compoundpistons working in each pair of cylinders, an inlet port in each powercylinder, a gas by-port in each power cylinder, a passage in each powerpiston adapted to put the inlet and gas by-ports into communicationduring a predetermined part of the stroke of said piston, aby-pass portin each power cylinder for admitting the gas from the displacercylinder, an exhaust port in each power cylinder, a distribution port ineach displacer cylinder, and three distribution passages each connectingthe gas by-port of the power cylinder of one pair, the bypass port ofthe .power cylinder of another pair, and the distribution port of thedisplacer cylinders, said passages being formed 3. In an internalcombustion engine oithe two-cycletype,

the combination of three one of each pair being a power cylinder and theother a displacer cylinder, compound pistons working in said cylinders,aninlet port in each power cylinder, a gas by-port in each powercylinder, a passage in each power piston adapted to put the inlet andgas by-ports into communication during a predetermined part of thestroke of said piston, a by-pass port in each by-port of the powercylinder 'for admitting the air and gas from the displacer cylinder, anexhaust port in each power cylinder, an airport in each power cylinder,a passage 1n each power piston adapted at a predetermlned part'of thestroke of said piston to put said air port into communication with thebypass port, a distribution port in each displacer cylinder, vanddistribution passages each connecting the gas by-port of the powercylinder of one pair, the by-pass port of the power cylinder of anotherpair,

and the distribution port of the displacer cylinders, the arrangement ofsaid ports and passages being such that in action the displacer cylinderof each pair draws its gas through the piston of the power cylinder ofthe second pair, its air through the piston of the power cylinder of thethird pair, and delivers both the air and the gas into the powercylinder of the third pair.

4. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, thecombination of a series of compound single-acting cylinders, one of eachpair being the power part and the other the displacer part, compoundpistons working in said cylinders, an inlet port in each power part, agas by-port in each power part, a passage in each power piston adaptedto put the inlet and gas by-ports into communication during apredetermined part of the stroke of said piston, a by-pass port in eachpower part, an exhaust port'in each power part, an air port in eachpower part, a passage in each power piston adapted at; a predeterminedpart of the stroke. of said piston to put said air port intocommunication with the by-pass port, a distribution port in eachdisplacer part, a distribution passage connecting the gas power part ofone cylinder,- the by-pass port of the power part of an other cylinder,and the distribution port of the displacer part, all combined, arranged,and adapted to operate as set forth.

In testimony-whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses. Y a WILLIAM MORTEN- APPLETON.

Witnesses:

LEONARD LEWIS HILEY, E. TYLER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

